Plasma Physics Colloquium
Friday,
April 26, 2019
2:00 PM - 3:00 PM
Speaker: Igor Kaganovich, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
Title: Fundamental Study of Synthesis of Carbon and Boron Nitride Nanostructures in Atmospheric Pressure Arc Discharges
Abstract: Plasma synthesis of nanomaterials offers potentially higher throughput, lower cost, and better control of material properties than conventional chemical methods. Over the past few years we have conducted comprehensive fundamental studies of nanomaterials synthesis by atmospheric pressure arc discharges. This work has led to significant advancements in the understanding of the synergistic roles of plasma and materials processes in the arc synthesis of carbon and boron-nitride nanomaterials. In order to understand nanostructure formation we needed to determine the plasma and gas composition conditions in the nucleation and growth region. This data was not available and well-known before, because it is difficult to measure plasma parameters inside the arc. We determined plasma parameters in the growth region using various in-situ plasma diagnostics and fluid modelling. Additionally, atomistic simulations helped to analyse crucial processes in nanomaterial synthesis. The dominance of diatomic carbon molecules in the arc periphery, a probable pre-cursor species for synthesis of carbon nanostructures, and the dominance of C atoms in the arc core are important new findings of these studies. For boron nitride nanotubes two possible mechanisms of synthesis root-growth from boron clusters and volumetric growth from boron-nitride nanocages are being investigated.
Illustration: The illustration depicts the formation of boron nitride (BN) nanotubes in arc plasma. The top shows a snapshot of two discharging arc electrodes (white). In between the electrodes, boron reacts with nitrogen to form nanotubes. The bottom shows the atomistic mechanism where pink and blue spheres represent boron and nitrogen. The interactions of liquid boron with nitrogen atoms lead to the formation of BN islands on the surface of the boron droplet (left). A fully formed BN cap grows into a BN nanotube by incorporating boron and nitrogen atoms at its interface with the boron droplet. Reference: Biswajit Santra, Roberto Car et al., Nanoscale, 2018, 10, 22223.
Joint research by: Y. Raitses, I.D. Kaganovich, A. Khrabryi, A. Khodak, V. Vekselman, S. Yatom, V. Nemchinsky, L. Han, P. Krstic, B. Santra, A. Gerakis, Y-W. Yeh, M. Shneider, B. Stratton, X. Fang, M. Keidar, B. Koel, and R. Car. Papers are available at nano.pppl.gov.
Title: Fundamental Study of Synthesis of Carbon and Boron Nitride Nanostructures in Atmospheric Pressure Arc Discharges
Abstract: Plasma synthesis of nanomaterials offers potentially higher throughput, lower cost, and better control of material properties than conventional chemical methods. Over the past few years we have conducted comprehensive fundamental studies of nanomaterials synthesis by atmospheric pressure arc discharges. This work has led to significant advancements in the understanding of the synergistic roles of plasma and materials processes in the arc synthesis of carbon and boron-nitride nanomaterials. In order to understand nanostructure formation we needed to determine the plasma and gas composition conditions in the nucleation and growth region. This data was not available and well-known before, because it is difficult to measure plasma parameters inside the arc. We determined plasma parameters in the growth region using various in-situ plasma diagnostics and fluid modelling. Additionally, atomistic simulations helped to analyse crucial processes in nanomaterial synthesis. The dominance of diatomic carbon molecules in the arc periphery, a probable pre-cursor species for synthesis of carbon nanostructures, and the dominance of C atoms in the arc core are important new findings of these studies. For boron nitride nanotubes two possible mechanisms of synthesis root-growth from boron clusters and volumetric growth from boron-nitride nanocages are being investigated.
Illustration: The illustration depicts the formation of boron nitride (BN) nanotubes in arc plasma. The top shows a snapshot of two discharging arc electrodes (white). In between the electrodes, boron reacts with nitrogen to form nanotubes. The bottom shows the atomistic mechanism where pink and blue spheres represent boron and nitrogen. The interactions of liquid boron with nitrogen atoms lead to the formation of BN islands on the surface of the boron droplet (left). A fully formed BN cap grows into a BN nanotube by incorporating boron and nitrogen atoms at its interface with the boron droplet. Reference: Biswajit Santra, Roberto Car et al., Nanoscale, 2018, 10, 22223.
Joint research by: Y. Raitses, I.D. Kaganovich, A. Khrabryi, A. Khodak, V. Vekselman, S. Yatom, V. Nemchinsky, L. Han, P. Krstic, B. Santra, A. Gerakis, Y-W. Yeh, M. Shneider, B. Stratton, X. Fang, M. Keidar, B. Koel, and R. Car. Papers are available at nano.pppl.gov.
Biography: Dr. Kaganovich is a Research Physicist at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL). He received his B.S. and M.S. from the Physical-Mechanical Department at St. Petersburg Technical University and his Ph.D. from Ioffe Physical Technical Institute. He was the recipient of the Alexander von Humboldt Fellowship in 1996. His research was supported by individual grants from international and national funding agencies including DOE, NSF, INTAS, ISF, and RFBR.
Host: Michael Mauel
Host: Michael Mauel
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